FORMS OF ENERGY
The different forms of energy Stored in objects, molecules, atoms, energy manifests in multiple ways.
But whether it is mechanical, kinetic, thermal energy of the seas, chemical, radiant or even nuclear, it can always convert from one form to another
☆ MECHANICAL ENERGY
Mechanical energy, associated with objects, is the sum of two other energies: kinetic energy and potential energy: kinetic energy is the energy of moving objects; the higher the speed of an object, the greater its kinetic energy.
☆ KINETIC ENERGY
The energy of rivers (hydraulic energy) and that of wind (wind energy) are kinetic energies.
They can be transformed into mechanical energy (water mill, windmill, pump connected to a wind turbine) or into electricity, if they drive a generator.
☆ POTENTIAL ENERGY
potential energy is energy stored in stationary objects.
It depends on the position of the latter. As the name suggests, it potentially exists, that is, it only manifests when it is converted into kinetic energy.
For example, a ball acquires, when lifted, a potential energy called gravity, which becomes apparent only when it is dropped.
☆ THERMAL ENERGY
It is simply heat. This is caused by the agitation, within matter, of molecules and atoms.
Thermal energy therefore represents the kinetic energy of an assembly at rest.
In a steam engine, it is transformed into mechanical energy; in a thermal power plant, it is converted into electricity.
☆ GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
The basement contains thermal energy (geothermal energy), which is used either to produce heating or to generate electricity.
☆ CHEMICAL ENERGY
Chemical energy is the energy associated with the bonds between the atoms making up molecules.
Certain chemical reactions are capable of breaking these bonds, which releases their energy (such reactions are called exothermic).
During combustion, which is one of these reactions, oil, gas, coal or even biomass convert their chemical energy into heat - and often into light. In the batteries, the electrochemical reactions that take place produce electricity.
☆ RADIANT ENERGY
It is the energy transported by radiation. Light energy is one, as is infrared radiation. Both are emitted, for example, by the Sun or the filaments of light bulbs.
Energy from solar radiation can be recovered and converted into electricity (photovoltaic energy) or recovered solar heat (solar thermal).
☆ NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear energy is the energy stored at the heart of atoms, more precisely in the bonds between the particles (protons and neutrons) which constitute their nucleus.
By transforming atomic nuclei, nuclear reactions are accompanied by the release of heat.
In nuclear power plants, fission reactions are carried out on uranium nuclei, and part of the heat released is transformed into electricity.
In stars like the Sun, the energy of atoms is released by fusion reactions of hydrogen nuclei.
☆ ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Electric energy represents energy transferred from one system to another (or stored in the case of electrostatic energy) thanks to electricity, that is to say by a movement of electric charges.
It is therefore not an energy in itself, but a vector of energy.
The systems capable of providing these electrical transfers are, for example, alternators or batteries.
The systems receiving these transfers are for example resistors, lamps or electric motors.
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